What to Do After High School If You Don\
College isn\
- College isn\
- t require degrees
- Apprenticeships and trade programs often lead to higher lifetime earnings with zero debt
- Starting young gives you a 4+ year head start on peers who go to college
- The true cost of college isn\
- s 4 years of lost income and experience
- Gap years work best with a structured plan, not just "taking time off"
Why College Isn't the Only Answer
For decades, the formula seemed simple: finish high school, go to college, get a good job. But that formula is breaking down.
The reality today:- Average student loan debt in the US exceeds $/£/€30,000
- UK graduates face $/£/€45,000+ in student loan debt
- Nearly 40% of college graduates work in jobs that don't require a degree
- Many of the fastest-growing careers value skills over credentials
This isn't about saying college is bad. It's about recognizing that it's one path of many—and for some people, it's not the best path.
The question isn't "should everyone go to college?" The question is "what's the right path for YOU?"
The True Cost of College (US/UK/EU Comparison)
Before comparing alternatives, let's be honest about what college actually costs.
Direct Costs
United States:- Public university (in-state): ~$/£/€25,000/year
- Private university: ~$/£/€55,000/year
- 4-year total: $/£/€100,000 - $/£/€220,000
- Tuition fees: ~$/£/€9,250/year (£9,250)
- Living costs: ~$/£/€12,000/year
- 3-year total: ~$/£/€65,000
- Varies dramatically (some countries offer free tuition)
- Germany, Norway, Finland: minimal or no tuition
- Netherlands, Ireland: $/£/€2,000-10,000/year
Hidden Costs (Often Ignored)
Lost income (4 years):- If you could earn $/£/€30,000/year working instead: $/£/€120,000
- While you're in lectures, others are building real skills and networks
- That $/£/€120,000 invested at 7% for 40 years = $/£/€1.8 million
- US federal loans: 5-7% interest
- UK: Interest linked to RPI (currently high)
- Over 25 years, you may pay more in interest than the original loan
Total true cost of a US private university degree: Direct costs + lost income + compound opportunity = potentially $/£/€500,000+
This doesn't mean college is never worth it. For doctors, lawyers, and some other professions, it absolutely is. But for many careers, there are better investments of both time and money.
Path 1: Apprenticeships and Degree Apprenticeships
Apprenticeships are experiencing a renaissance, and for good reason: you get paid to learn, graduate with experience instead of debt, and often have a job waiting.
Traditional Apprenticeships
What you get:- Paid training (you earn while learning)
- Nationally recognized qualifications
- Real work experience
- Often guaranteed employment upon completion
- Construction and trades
- Engineering and manufacturing
- IT and digital
- Healthcare
- Finance and professional services
Typical timeline: 1-4 years depending on level
Earnings during apprenticeship:- Year 1: $/£/€15,000-20,000
- Year 3-4: $/£/€25,000-35,000
Degree Apprenticeships (UK) / Registered Apprenticeships (US)
These combine working with earning a degree—but your employer pays for it.
Examples:- Big Four accounting firms (KPMG, EY, Deloitte, PwC)
- Major tech companies (Microsoft, Google)
- Engineering firms
- Banking and finance
- Full-time salary from day one
- Degree paid for by employer
- 4-5 years of work experience
- No student debt
- Often starting salary of $/£/€50,000+ upon completion
| Traditional University | Degree Apprenticeship | |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | 3-4 years | 4-5 years |
| Cost | $/£/€50,000-200,000 | $/£/€0 (you get paid) |
| Experience | Limited | 4-5 years full-time |
| Debt at graduation | Yes | No |
| Starting salary | $/£/€30,000-40,000 | $/£/€50,000+ |
Path 2: Trade Skills and Technical Training
The trades are facing a massive skills shortage, which means high demand and rising wages.
In-Demand Trades
Highest earning potential:- Electricians: $/£/€50,000-100,000+
- Plumbers: $/£/€45,000-90,000+
- HVAC Technicians: $/£/€50,000-80,000
- Welders: $/£/€45,000-100,000+
- Commercial Pilots: $/£/€70,000-200,000+
- Vocational program: 6 months - 2 years
- Apprenticeship: 3-5 years
- Certification: Varies by trade and location
Why Trades Are Underrated
1. Supply and demand: Baby Boomers are retiring; young people are going to college instead of trades 2. Can't be outsourced: You can't fix a pipe in New York from India 3. AI-resistant: Physical work is harder to automate than office jobs 4. Entrepreneurship path: Many tradespeople start their own businesses 5. Recession-resistant: People always need plumbers, electricians, and mechanics
The Business Angle
Many successful business owners started as tradespeople:- Learn the skill
- Work for someone else (2-5 years)
- Start your own company
- Scale by hiring other tradespeople
A successful plumbing company owner can earn $/£/€200,000+ while their employees earn $/£/€50,000. That's the power of combining trade skills with business skills.
Path 3: Starting a Business from School
If you're reading this on Expansary, you're probably curious about entrepreneurship. Good news: your age is an advantage, not an obstacle.
Why Starting Young Is Powerful
Low risk:- Minimal financial obligations (no mortgage, likely no dependents)
- Can live cheaply or at home
- Can afford to fail and recover
- More time and energy than you'll ever have again
- No "golden handcuffs" (high salary that feels impossible to leave)
- Easier to work long hours when needed
- 4 years of building while peers are in lectures
- Experience compounds faster than you think
- Failure at 18 is a learning experience; at 28 it's scarier
Realistic First Business Options
Service businesses (lowest risk):- Social media management
- Tutoring
- Video editing
- Web design
- Personal training
- Cleaning services
- Online courses
- Templates and tools
- Apps (if you can code or learn)
- Content creation
- Dropshipping (to learn, not long-term)
- Print-on-demand
- Reselling/arbitrage
- Eventually: own products
The Hybrid Approach
Many young entrepreneurs: 1. Start a service business immediately (pays bills) 2. Build skills and capital (1-2 years) 3. Launch a scalable business using those skills (year 3+)
This approach generates income from day one while building toward something bigger.
Path 4: The Strategic Gap Year
A gap year can be transformational—or it can be a waste of time. The difference is structure.
Unstructured Gap Year (Avoid)
- "I'll figure it out"
- Extended vacation
- No goals, no plan
- Result: Often extends beyond one year, difficult to restart momentum
Strategic Gap Year (Recommend)
Quarter 1: Skills- Take online courses in specific, marketable skills
- Get certifications that enhance employability
- Build a portfolio of work
- Intern at a company you're interested in
- Work on a real project (paid or unpaid)
- Gain references and connections
- Travel with purpose (language immersion, volunteering, cultural competence)
- Meet people in your field of interest
- Test different paths
- Apply your learning to decide next steps
- Prepare applications (for jobs, apprenticeships, or education)
- Enter the next phase with clarity
The key difference: At the end of a strategic gap year, you have skills, experience, clarity, and possibly income. At the end of an unstructured gap year, you have... a tan.
Path 5: Online Learning and Certifications
The internet has democratized education. You can now learn almost anything online, often for free.
High-Value Certifications
Technology:- Google IT Support Professional Certificate
- AWS Cloud Practitioner
- CompTIA Security+
- Salesforce Administrator
- Google Analytics Certification
- HubSpot Inbound Marketing
- Meta Blueprint Certification
- PMP (requires experience)
- CAPM (entry-level)
- Agile/Scrum certifications
Self-Directed Learning Platforms
Free or low-cost:- Coursera (many free audit options)
- edX (free courses from MIT, Harvard)
- freeCodeCamp (programming)
- Khan Academy (fundamentals)
- Udemy (when on sale)
- Skillshare
- LinkedIn Learning (often free through libraries)
- Codecademy Pro (for coding)
Building a Portfolio
Credentials matter less than proof you can do the work:- Complete real projects
- Document everything
- Build a website showcasing your work
- Contribute to open source (if technical)
- Create case studies
Path 6: Entry-Level Roles in Growing Industries
Some industries will hire you straight from school and train you on the job, especially if you show initiative.
Industries Actively Hiring Without Degrees
Technology:- Many tech companies have removed degree requirements
- Focus: Can you actually do the job?
- Path: Self-study → Projects → Entry-level role → Growth
- Pure meritocracy (results matter more than credentials)
- High earning potential with commission
- Skills transfer to any industry
- Requires licensing, not a degree
- Unlimited earning potential
- Entrepreneurial from day one
- Film, music, design, content creation
- Portfolio matters more than degree
- Start creating now, don't wait
The "Get In, Then Move Up" Strategy
1. Accept an entry-level role (even if "beneath" you) 2. Outperform expectations 3. Ask for more responsibility 4. Get promoted or use experience to move companies 5. Within 2-3 years, you're ahead of new graduates
Many CEOs started in the mailroom. The degree doesn't matter as much as the trajectory.
The "Test Before You Commit" Approach
Unsure which path is right? You don't have to decide everything now.
The Experimental Year
Instead of committing to 4 years of anything, spend year one testing:
Month 1-3: Try an apprenticeship or internship Month 4-6: Build something (business, project, portfolio) Month 7-9: Learn a high-value skill intensively Month 10-12: Make an informed decision
At the end, you'll know more about what you enjoy, what you're good at, and what path makes sense—based on experience, not speculation.
Reversibility
Remember: most paths aren't permanent.
- Started an apprenticeship but hate it? You can leave
- Tried entrepreneurship and it's not for you? You have marketable skills now
- Decided you actually do want a degree? You can apply as a mature student
The only truly expensive mistake is spending 4 years and $/£/€100,000+ on something you didn't need.
Building Skills That Matter More Than Degrees
Regardless of the path you choose, focus on developing high-value skills.
Universal High-Value Skills
Communication:- Writing clearly
- Speaking persuasively
- Presenting effectively
- Breaking down complex issues
- Finding creative solutions
- Learning quickly
- Using modern tools effectively
- Understanding data
- Creating digital content
Specialized Skills Worth Developing
Technical:- Programming (Python, JavaScript)
- Data analysis
- Design (UI/UX, graphic)
- Sales and negotiation
- Marketing (especially digital)
- Financial literacy
- In-demand physical skills
- Licensing and certifications
- Safety and regulations
What Employers Actually Look For
Here's what hiring managers say matters most:
1. Proof you can do the job (portfolio, projects, experience) 2. Problem-solving ability (can you think?) 3. Communication skills (can you work with others?) 4. Initiative and work ethic (will you actually work hard?) 5. Relevant experience (have you done this before?)
Notice what's not at the top? A degree.
Degrees serve as a screening mechanism—they're evidence you can complete something. But if you have OTHER evidence (a business you built, projects you completed, results you achieved), that's often more impressive than a piece of paper.
Creating Your Post-High School Plan
Don't just avoid college—have a clear alternative plan.
The One-Page Plan
My goal for the next 12 months: [Specific, measurable outcome]
The path I'm pursuing: [Apprenticeship / Business / Gap Year / Entry-level role / etc.]
Skills I'll develop: 1. [Skill 1] 2. [Skill 2] 3. [Skill 3]
How I'll measure progress: [Specific milestones by month 3, 6, 9, 12]
My backup plan if this doesn't work: [Specific alternative]
Resources I need: [Training, capital, mentorship, etc.]
Present This to Parents, Mentors, and Yourself
Having a written plan transforms the conversation from "I don't want to go to college" to "Here's my strategy for building a successful career."
Revisiting College Later (If You Want To)
Choosing not to go to college at 18 doesn't mean never going.
When College Makes Sense Later
- You've identified a career that truly requires a degree
- Employer will pay for it (tuition reimbursement)
- You want to pursue academia or research
- You have savings to do it without crippling debt
- You'll get more from it with real-world experience first
Advantages of Being a Mature Student
- Clear motivation (you're there because you want to be)
- Real-world context for academic concepts
- Often better time management
- Networking with younger students AND professionals
- Some programs give credit for work experience
The Bottom Line
College is a tool, not a requirement. Like any tool, it's useful for some jobs and not others.
The best path forward depends on:- Your goals and interests
- Your financial situation
- The opportunities available to you
- Your willingness to work hard without the structure of formal education
What matters isn't the path you choose—it's that you choose intentionally, work hard, and keep learning.
The world is full of successful people who didn't go to college. It's also full of successful people who did. Your success depends on what you do, not which path you take.
Make a plan. Execute it. Adjust as needed. That's it.
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Related Reading
- How to Start a Business at 16 — Complete guide for teen entrepreneurs
- How to Start a Business With No Experience — You don't need a degree to begin
- Why Everyone Needs an Entrepreneurial Mindset — Skills that matter more than credentials